Category Archives: Substance Abuse Prevention

Cannabis and Lung Health

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Despite popular belief, smoking cannabis is not a safer alternative to tobacco—it still poses serious risks to your lung health. Whether it’s through joints, bongs, blunts, or bowls, cannabis smoke contains many of the same harmful toxins, irritants, and carcinogens as tobacco smoke. These substances can damage lung tissue, scar small blood vessels, and increase the risk of bronchitis, chronic coughing, and excessive mucus production. Although these symptoms may improve once cannabis use is stopped, the long-term effects remain concerning. Additionally, more research is needed to fully understand the links between cannabis smoking and serious respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, emphysema, and COPD.

Key Facts:

  • Smoking cannabis can harm lung tissue and scar blood vessels.
  • Cannabis smoke contains similar toxins and carcinogens as tobacco smoke.
  • Smoking cannabis may increase risk of bronchitis, chronic cough, and mucus buildup.
  • These symptoms often improve after quitting cannabis use.
  • More research is needed on the link between cannabis smoke and lung cancer, COPD, and emphysema.

As cannabis use becomes more widespread, it’s essential to separate fact from myth when it comes to its impact on health—especially lung health. Protecting your lungs means being aware of what you inhale, and choosing healthier ways to cope or manage stress. If you or someone you know is experiencing breathing issues and regularly smokes cannabis, it may be time to consider quitting and speak with a healthcare provider.

Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/cannabis/health-effects/lung-health.html

Menthol Tobacco Products

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Menthol is a compound found naturally in peppermint and similar plants, but it can also be made synthetically. In tobacco products like cigarettes, menthol produces a cooling sensation in the throat and lungs, which reduces the harshness of the smoke and makes it easier to inhale—an effect that can increase the likelihood of addiction. Menthol is not limited to cigarettes; it’s also found in e-cigarettes, cigars, hookah, smokeless tobacco, nicotine pouches, and heated tobacco products. While federal law bans most flavored cigarettes, menthol remains an exception. Nearly all cigarettes sold in the U.S. contain some amount of menthol, but those labeled “menthol” typically contain higher concentrations. In 2021, menthol cigarettes made up 37% of all cigarette sales—the highest level recorded since federal reporting began in 1963.

Key Facts About Menthol in Tobacco Products:

  • Menthol masks harshness:
    Tobacco companies add menthol to make tobacco products feel smoother and more appealing, especially to young people and first-time users.
  • Menthol increases addiction risk:
    Menthol enhances nicotine’s effects on the brain, making tobacco products even more addictive. Some menthol cigarettes now contain higher levels of nicotine.
  • Menthol makes quitting harder:
    People who smoke menthol cigarettes are generally less likely to successfully quit compared to those who smoke non-menthol cigarettes.
  • Targeted marketing:
    Tobacco companies aggressively market menthol products to specific groups, particularly Black communities.
  • Disproportionate impact:
    Higher rates of menthol cigarette use are found among:
    • Young people
    • Racial and ethnic minorities
    • LGBTQ+ individuals
    • Women
    • People with low income
    • People with mental health conditions
  • Solutions for reducing menthol use:
    • Increase access to quitting resources like counseling and medications
    • Implement policies to restrict or reduce menthol tobacco product sales

As menthol continues to dominate the flavored cigarette market, public health experts warn that its smooth and cooling properties can mask the dangers of smoking, especially for new users. Understanding the role of menthol in tobacco products is essential for communities and policymakers working to reduce smoking rates and protect public health—especially among youth and communities disproportionately targeted by menthol marketing.

*Eliminating tobacco flavor serves as a vital measure to shield the youth from the dangers of smoking, curbing its appeal and dissuading the commencement of a hazardous habit.*

Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/menthol-tobacco/index.html

Public Health Strategies for Tobacco Prevention and Control

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Commercial tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the U.S., disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. For decades, tobacco companies have strategically targeted youth, low-income communities, and racial and ethnic minorities, increasing access to and appeal of tobacco products. Social factors like poverty, discrimination, and adverse childhood experiences further contribute to tobacco use, making it harder for individuals to quit. Addressing these disparities through evidence-based strategies—such as tobacco-free policies, cessation support, and restrictions on tobacco marketing—can help reduce tobacco-related health inequities and protect future generations.

Key Facts About Tobacco Use and Its Impact:

  • Targeted Marketing: Tobacco companies have historically marketed their products more aggressively to youth, low-income communities, and racial and ethnic minorities.
  • Health Disparities: People with mental health conditions and substance use disorders face higher rates of tobacco-related disease and death.
  • Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Comprehensive smoke-free policies in workplaces, schools, and multi-unit housing help protect public health.
  • Cessation Support: Expanding access to affordable quitting resources, including FDA-approved medications and behavioral counseling, increases success rates.
  • Policy Impact: States like California, Massachusetts, and Michigan have made significant progress through tobacco-free laws and retailer restrictions.

Eliminating tobacco-related disparities requires a collective effort. By supporting smoke-free policies, promoting access to cessation resources, and addressing targeted marketing, we can create healthier communities for all. If you or someone you know is trying to quit, seek out proven resources and support systems. Together, we can work toward a future free from the harms of commercial tobacco.

**Reducing access to flavored tobacco products decreases the likelihood of peer pressure to try tobacco.**

Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/reach/php/strategies/tobacco-prevention-control.html

The Effects of Marijuana on the Teenage and Young Adult Brain

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Marijuana, known for its mind-altering effects due to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is one of the most widely used substances in the United States. In 2021, 11.8 million young adults aged 18 to 25 reported using marijuana, while 30.7% of 12th graders admitted to using it within the past year. With the legalization of marijuana in many states, its use has become more socially acceptable, particularly among teens and young adults. However, the adolescent brain continues developing until age 25, and marijuana use during this critical period can disrupt brain development, impair memory, learning, and decision-making, and lead to long-term cognitive issues. Additionally, chronic marijuana use in youth is linked to a loss of IQ, poor academic performance, increased risk of depression and anxiety, and even addiction.

Key Factors of Marijuana Use and Its Risks:

  • Cognitive Impairment: Problems with attention, concentration, memory, and learning.
  • Poor Decision-Making: Reduced coordination, slower reaction time, and impaired judgment.
  • Academic and Professional Impact: Lower performance, increased likelihood of dropping out, and reduced career opportunities.
  • Mental Health Risks: Higher chances of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts.
  • Addiction Potential: Regular use of high-THC products can lead to marijuana use disorder, especially in those who start young.

Choosing a healthier lifestyle free from marijuana can help young people reach their full potential, both mentally and physically. If you or someone you know is struggling with marijuana use, seeking support from a counselor, healthcare provider, or support group can make a significant difference. Making informed decisions about substance use is essential for long-term well-being, leading to a future filled with greater opportunities, stronger relationships, and improved overall health.

Reference: https://americanaddictioncenters.org/marijuana-rehab/effects-of-marijuana-on-teenage-brain

Smoking, Pregnancy, and Babies

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Smoking is widely known to cause cancer and other severe health issues, and smoking during pregnancy can lead to serious complications such as premature birth, birth defects, or even sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Exposure to cigarette smoke can also harm both the mother and baby. While quitting before pregnancy is ideal, stopping at any stage can still greatly reduce health risks. A previous healthy pregnancy despite smoking does not ensure future pregnancies will be problem-free. Additionally, smoking can impair fertility in both men and women, making it more difficult to conceive. Women who smoke often struggle to get pregnant.

Key Factors: How Smoking Harms You and Your Baby

  • Low birth weight – Slows baby’s growth before birth.
  • Premature birth – Increases risk of health complications.
  • Lung & brain damage – Effects can last into teen years.
  • Abnormal bleeding – Doubles the risk during pregnancy and delivery.
  • Birth defects – Higher chance of cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.
  • Higher SIDS risk – Babies exposed to smoke face increased risk.

Key Factors: How Premature Birth Harms Your Baby

  • Low birth weight – Missing crucial womb growth.
  • Feeding difficulties – Trouble eating and gaining weight.
  • Breathing problems – Immediate and long-term respiratory issues.
  • Cerebral palsy – Brain damage affecting movement and muscle tone.
  • Developmental delays – Delayed language, thinking, and motor skills.
  • Hearing & vision issues – Increased risk of sensory impairments.
  • Extended hospital stay – May require weeks or months of care.

Smoking during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of premature birth, which can lead to serious health complications for your baby, including low birth weight, breathing problems, developmental delays, cerebral palsy, and hearing or vision issues. Premature babies often require extended hospital stays and may face long-term health challenges. Quitting smoking at any stage of pregnancy can greatly improve your baby’s chances of being born healthy and thriving. Protecting your baby from the harmful effects of smoking is one of the most important steps you can take for their well-being, both before and after birth.

Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/pregnancy.html

Marijuana addiction increases risk for premature death, Canadian study finds

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A new Canadian study published in JAMA Network Open highlights a troubling connection between cannabis use disorder and an elevated risk of premature death within five years. With marijuana use rising globally and daily consumption surpassing alcohol in Canada and the U.S., researchers stress the need to recognize cannabis use disorder as a significant public health issue. Dr. Daniel Myran, the study’s lead author and Canada Research Chair of Social Accountability at the University of Ottawa, emphasized that despite the increasing prevalence and potency of marijuana products, little is known about its long-term risks. This finding is especially concerning among young people, as cannabis legalization and commercial marketing continue to expand.

Key Factors

  • Large Study Population – The study analyzed data from 11.6 million people in Ontario over a median period of five years (2006–2021), covering individuals aged 15 to 105 years.
  • Increased Risk of Premature Death – Those who required hospital-based care for cannabis use disorder were at six times the risk of death within five years compared to people of the same age in the general population.
  • Major Causes of Death – After accounting for co-morbid health conditions, individuals with cannabis use disorder still faced nearly three times the risk of death from suicide, trauma, drug poisoning, and lung cancer.
  • Comparison with Alcohol Use Disorder – While alcohol use disorder posed a higher risk of death, the difference in mortality risk between cannabis and alcohol use disorders was not substantial.
  • Public Perception vs. Reality – Many do not perceive cannabis to have serious health risks, despite the evidence showing significant health dangers associated with cannabis use disorder.
  • Need for Public Health Intervention – Addressing this issue requires greater efforts in prevention, treatment, and support services for individuals struggling with cannabis addiction.

The findings of this study underscore the urgent need to re-evaluate public perceptions of cannabis use disorder and its associated risks. While many view cannabis as relatively harmless, the increased likelihood of premature death—especially from suicide, trauma, drug poisoning, and lung cancer—reveals the serious health consequences of heavy use. The comparison with alcohol use disorder further highlights the need for greater awareness, prevention, and accessible treatment options. As cannabis consumption continues to rise globally, public health efforts must prioritize education, early intervention, and support systems to mitigate the risks and protect vulnerable individuals.

Reference: https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2025/02/06/canada-marujuana-addition-premature-death-study/8111738854000/

How marijuana impacts pain, sleep, anxiety and more, according to the latest science

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Are you turning to marijuana to manage anxiety, pain, muscle spasms, pregnancy-related nausea, sleep issues, or other challenges? You might be surprised to learn that a comprehensive review of over 100 clinical trials and meta-analyses reveals limited high-quality evidence supporting its effectiveness for these purposes.

“After applying very strict quantitative criteria, and accounting for both observational studies and experimental trials, most of the associations between cannabis and health outcomes were supported by very low or low credibility,” – Dr. Marco Solmi

Key Facts About Marijuana Use:

1. Mental Health Risks:

  • Cannabis shows no benefits for easing symptoms of anxiety, depression, or other mental disorders.
  • It increases the risk of developing psychotic or mental health disorders.
  • Cannabis worsens clinical outcomes in people with pre-existing mental conditions like psychosis, increasing the risk of relapse and impairing cognition.

2. Impact During Pregnancy:

  • Cannabis use during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, is linked to low birth weight and potentially harmful effects on the fetal brain.
  • THC, the psychoactive component of cannabis, can be passed to the baby during breastfeeding.

3. Adolescents and Young Adults:

  • Cannabis use in developing brains (adolescence through early adulthood) negatively impacts cognition and mental health.
  • It is linked to poorer memory, verbal cognition, and visual recall.
  • Young users should stop cannabis use if they experience declines in educational, social, or mental health functioning.

4. General Cognitive Effects:

  • Cannabis use can worsen multiple cognitive domains, including memory and problem-solving skills.
  • The permanence of these effects is still unclear, requiring further research.

While marijuana is often perceived as a remedy for various physical and mental health challenges, the evidence reveals significant risks, particularly for mental health, pregnancy, and young people. Its use can exacerbate mental disorders, impair cognition, and pose developmental risks to unborn and breastfeeding children. For adolescents and young adults, cannabis can hinder brain development, memory, and overall functioning, with lasting consequences still under study. Given these findings, it’s crucial to approach cannabis use with caution and prioritize safer, evidence-based alternatives for managing health concerns.

**远离大麻，保持健康。Stay away from cannabis, maintain your health.**

Reference: https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/30/health/marijuana-pros-and-cons-wellness/index.html

Cannabis and mental health

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In the 1990s, cannabis use among young people saw a significant rise, becoming more common than tobacco smoking in some countries. Several factors may contribute to this shift, including the drug’s ready availability, growing social disapproval of cigarette smoking, stricter drink-driving laws, and perceptions that cannabis is safer or less harmful than cigarettes or alcohol. This trend raises concerns, as cannabis use is linked to being a potential gateway to other drugs and is associated with psychiatric conditions. Research has established a connection between cannabis use and psychosis, with some studies also linking it to depression. While it remains unclear whether cannabis causes these conditions or if individuals use it to alleviate existing distress, the prevailing explanation is that cannabis may trigger the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed individuals and worsen symptoms overall. However, establishing clear causality is challenging due to methodological limitations, including the low incidence of schizophrenia and the common use of multiple substances among drug users.

Key Facts About Cannabis and Mental Health Risks

  1. Increased Risk of Schizophrenia:
    • A Swedish study tracking 50,000 conscripts for 15 years found that adolescent cannabis use increases the risk of schizophrenia in a dose-response relationship.
    • Follow-up analysis confirmed that cannabis, not other drugs, was linked to later schizophrenia and was not due to pre-existing symptoms.
    • Longer cannabis exposure predicted greater psychosis severity.
  2. Worse Outcomes for Those with Symptoms:
    • Cannabis use in individuals with baseline psychotic symptoms worsened outcomes, suggesting an additive effect.
    • A New Zealand study linked frequent cannabis use by age 18 to increased schizophrenia symptoms by age 26.
  3. Risk of Depression:
    • A U.S. study showed cannabis use increased the risk of major depression fourfold over 15 years.
    • Cannabis was associated with suicidal ideation and anhedonia.
    • An Australian study found a dose-response link between cannabis use and anxiety or depression, with stronger effects on young women.
  4. Self-Medication Hypothesis Disputed:
    • Studies found no evidence that baseline depression or psychosis predicts cannabis use, suggesting cannabis use is more likely a cause rather than a coping mechanism.
  5. Developmental Stage Matters:
    • Cannabis use during adolescence is more likely linked to later mental health problems, whereas mental disorders may lead to cannabis use in early adulthood.
  6. Public Health Implications:
    • Reducing cannabis use could significantly lower rates of schizophrenia and depression.
    • Dutch data suggests up to a 50% reduction in psychosis requiring treatment if cannabis exposure was eliminated.
    • Swedish data indicates a 30% increased risk of schizophrenia associated with cannabis use.
  7. Legislative and Clinical Considerations:
    • The surprising magnitude of cannabis’ impact on psychosis and depression underscores the need for preventive measures and policy discussions.

The evidence is clear: cannabis use, especially during adolescence, significantly increases the risk of mental health complications such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. While the long-term effects vary by individual, the dose-response relationship highlights the importance of reducing or avoiding cannabis use altogether to protect mental well-being. Prevention is key, as studies show that eliminating cannabis exposure could drastically reduce the incidence of psychosis and depressive disorders. By making informed choices and understanding the risks, you can prioritize your mental health and help build a healthier future for yourself and your community.

Reference: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1124674/

Vision Loss, Blindness, and Smoking

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Smoking harms your eyes just as much as it harms the rest of your body, increasing your risk of serious eye conditions that can lead to vision loss or blindness. Two major threats to your eyesight are macular degeneration and cataracts. Macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), affects central vision, which is essential for tasks like reading, recognizing faces, and driving. AMD starts in its dry form but can progress to the wet form, causing rapid vision loss if untreated. Cataracts cause blurry vision that worsens over time, and without surgery, they can result in severe vision impairment. The best way to protect your eyes from smoking-related damage is to quit or never start smoking.

Symptoms of Eye Diseases Related to Smoking

Symptoms of AMD may include:

  • Blurred vision or a blurry spot in your central vision
  • The need for more light to read or do other tasks
  • Straight lines that look wavy
  • Trouble recognizing faces

How Does Smoking Affect Your Eyes?

Smoking causes changes in the eyes that may result in vision loss. If you smoke:

  • You are twice as likely to develop AMD compared with a people who do not smoke.2,8
  • You are two to three times more likely to develop cataracts compared with a people who do not smoke.

Smoking not only harms your overall health but also puts your vision at serious risk, leading to conditions like macular degeneration and cataracts. By choosing to quit smoking, you can protect your eyes and your health, ensuring a clearer, brighter future. Take control of your well-being today—embrace a healthier, more mindful lifestyle, and make the choice to live tobacco-free. Your body, mind, and eyes will thank you.

**By prioritizing the health and safety of its young residents, Minnesota is investing in a brighter, healthier future for all.**

Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/vision-loss-blindness.html

Asthma and Secondhand Smoke

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Asthma is a chronic disease that affects the airways in the lungs, causing them to swell and narrow during an asthma attack, which makes breathing difficult. This swelling reduces the flow of air in and out of the lungs, and the cells in the airways may produce excess mucus—a thick, sticky substance—that further obstructs airflow and exacerbates breathing challenges. If you have asthma, an attack can occur when something irritates your airways and triggers symptoms, which can vary from person to person. Tobacco smoke, including secondhand smoke, is a common trigger and is particularly harmful to individuals with asthma, though it is unhealthy for everyone.

Symptoms of an asthma attack may include:

  • Coughing
  • Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
  • Wheezing
  • Tightness or pain in the chest

Secondhand smoke consists of a combination of gases and fine particles, including:

  • Smoke from burning tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, or pipes
  • Smoke that has been exhaled (breathed out) by someone who smokes

To reduce the risk of asthma attacks, it is crucial to identify and avoid personal triggers, such as tobacco smoke, which is not only harmful to individuals with asthma but also to everyone exposed to it. Preventative measures include maintaining a smoke-free environment, minimizing exposure to pollutants, and following a treatment plan prescribed by a healthcare provider. Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to protect your health and the health of those around you, especially children and individuals with asthma. By making these changes, you can create a healthier, safer space for everyone while managing asthma more effectively.

**Studies show that flavors such as fruit, candy, and menthol are particularly appealing to adolescents.**

Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/secondhand-smoke-asthma.html